Organizational Behavior Of Texas Health And Human Services...

Organizational behavior is the investigation of the behavioral factors that affect modern organizations and their management at the individual, group, and organization-wide levels (Baack, 2012). It is an important aspect in an organization for supervisors because they are responsible for creating a good environment for their employees. There has to be an understanding of employee behavior, organizational culture, good communication, and the ability to enforce any changes without any resistance. It helps to identify the behavior of people and where they will work well within an organization. This paper will analyze the organizational behavior of Texas Health and Human Services Commission while discussing the areas that influence it in a positive and/or negative way. The Texas Health and Human Services Commission oversees the operations of the health and human services system: Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC), Department of Aging and Disability Services (DADS), Department of State Health Services (DSHS), Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services (DARS), and Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS). It provides administrative oversight of Texas health and human services programs: Medicaid, Children s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Texas Women’s Health Program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, SNAP Food Benefits and Nutritional Programs, Family Violence Services, Refugee Services, and Disaster Assistance. The organizations goal is toShow MoreRelatedBusiness Communication Trends Paper798 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Communication Trends Paper Business communication is a tool necessary to accomplish organizational objectives. 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The Addiction Epidemic Of Substance Abuse Essay - 1699 Words

The Addiction Epidemic The use of substances for physical, mind and social advantage has been around since the beginning of documented history. Contemporary use of prescription medication for these advantages has led to a national epidemic of substance abuse. Health care providers need to recognize the disease process of addiction in order to effectively combat the growing epidemic of substance use disorders (SUD). Strategies to decrease the prevalence and incidence of SUD include defining addiction, understanding epidemiology, evaluating treatment options and decreasing stigmatism associated with SUD. Addiction and SUD are complex disease processes that affect all health care providers. In order to provide optimal care for patients with SUD, health care providers must first understand the ramifications of addiction and SUD. Addiction has been defined by the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) as a primary, chronic disease of the brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry that results in characteristic biological, psychological, social and spiritual manifestations reflected by an individual pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors (ASAM Board of Directors [ASAM], 2011). There is a negative stigmatism with the terms addiction, substance abuse and substance dependence. The term addiction describes the various changes in brain chemistry, behaviors associated with substance use or abuse, and the resulting actionsShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse And The United States1210 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is a very current problem in the United States. Opiate addiction is a particularly difficult problem in the State of Vermont where the abuse of prescription opioids has created addictions for many individuals. 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Child Soldiers free essay sample

Good morning ladies and gentleman, youth from around the world, prestigious guests and esteemed politicians. I’m Laban Pulea and I represent youth from the rural mining community of Mount Isa in Western Queensland, Australia. Today I am here today to discuss the contentious issue of child soldiers and inform you of the implications this issue has for our modern society. Despite popular opinion, this issue is prevalent in our post-modern world and is far too widespread to ignore. The contentious theme of child soldiers is represented as atrocious and an infringement of human rights in a diverse range of literary and non- literary texts such as the movie Blood Diamond, the poem Child Soldier Diary and the article Stolen kids turned into terrifying killers. These notions work to emphasize and further naturalise the fundamental ideologies concerning child soldiers in western society. When composing texts, authors are tremendously influenced by their socio-cultural context. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Soldiers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Consequently , the prevailing attitudes, values and beliefs and the extent to which they accept or challenge these, undoubtedly influence the shaping of these depictions of this particular issue which in turn positions readers to adopt a dominant readings of the texts. Paragraph 1: When examining literary and non-literary texts, child soldiers are often portrayed as having their rights of childhood innocence stripped from them by abysmal and unethical rebel leaders. The 2006 film Blood Diamond, directed by Edward Zwick, promotes this depiction and works to endorse western methodologies, beliefs and ideologies counter to the controversial issue of child soldiers in Africa. The film writers and directors position viewers to agree with dominant interpretations pertaining to child soldiers and their severe loss of innocence. (Play video of boy killing guy without knowing while blind folded) As seen in this extract, the loss of the child’s innocence is foregrounded and is further intensified by the reactions of the rebel leaders. Furthermore, this example exacerbates assertions of guerrilla military leaders exploiting children and their rights to an innocent childhood for their own selfish political schemas simply stating, â€Å"It is for a good cause†. The aforementioned examples, which are privileged and mimicked in many similar texts, align with western mindsets on the theme of child soldiers. The relevance of these portrayals is as significant as the argument of this issue itself; subsequently, representing a violation of human rights and compelling us to question our humanity. As a result, we see that these children are conscripted to become instruments of war, to kill and be killed; child soldiers are forced to give the same violent expression to towards their communities that the rebel adults give themselves. Need to put something else in here to tie up this point and link to next paragraph. Paragraph 2: This confrontational issue of child soldiers is characterized in western texts as unjust and an intrusion of human rights. These concepts work to emphasize and further problematize the fundamental ideologies regarding child soldiers. The Prose a Child Soldier Diary, By Koko Latt commonly known as Mike, a former child soldier, utilises illustrative language which works to epitomise these western ideologies, opinions and creeds for the provocative issue of child soldiers. The author of the prose positions the viewers to feel melancholic towards the child’s right to an unsophisticated childhood and shocking loss of innocence. The extract portrays a cruel loss of innocence and is foregrounded in stanza’s 12-15, â€Å"I want to play football, Rather than shooting people, I want to sleep in my Mum’s arms, Rather than killing people†. The example impairs allegations of paramilitary leaders manipulating children for their own egotistical agendas. The abovementioned epitomizes notions of child soldiers which are utilized and mirrored in many texts. The prose authenticates western beliefs and ideologies concerning the issue of child soldiers. The relevance of these portrayals is crucial as the confrontational subject of child soldiers indeed does represent forfeiture to their virtue and denigrates our humanity. This is among the saddest sight these days seeing the image of hundreds of thousands of children kidnapped and lured into being child soldiers. (Sir Roger Moore) Paragraph 3: When examining literary and non-literary texts, child soldiers are often branded in western texts as intolerant and an invasion of human rights. These perceptions work to highlight and further problematize the prevailing ideologies regarding child soldiers. The Article Stolen kids turned into terrifying killers, By Ann ONeill CNN, further depersonalises these child soldiers by telling us that there very vulnerability makes them attractive to the men leading militias, manipulating them to do the unspeakable without question or protest, because their morals and value systems are not yet fully formed. This verifies western beliefs and ideologies relating to guerrilla military leaders exploiting children and their rights to an innocent childhood for their own self-centred political agendas. In additional, some children are kidnapped from their schools or their beds, some are recruited after seeing their parents slaughtered, and some may even choose to join the militias as their best hope for survival in war-torn countries. Once recruited, many are brainwashed, trained, given drugs and then sent into battle with orders to kill. The relevance of these depictions are crucial as the confrontational subject of child soldiers indeed does represent a breach of their human rights and degrades our humanity. As westerners we cannot begin to comprehend the psychological and physical pain child soldier’s face each day.

Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Example Essay Example

Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Example Paper Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Introduction Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Cynthia Evans Mississippi College Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients This is a review of literature examining how frequent recurring episodes of pain affect the quality of life in the sickle cell disease patients. Several studies conducted concerning pain management and quality of life for sickle cell disease patients indicate additional studies needed. Identifying additional effective complementary alternate therapies is vital for a more improved quality of life. This will be necessary in order to reduce the number of painful episodes experienced by the sickle cell patient. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder of the red blood cells and further characterized by painful acute vaso-occlusive episodes where the sickle cell is stuck in the blood vessels, blocking the blood flow. This is one of the most common reasons leading up to hospitalization, the vaso-occlusive episodes. Thes e episodes can lead to ischemia and infarctions over the entire body region with painful recurring, unpredictable, intense, and relentless episodes, lasting approximately 3-14 days (Yaster, Kost-Byerly, Maxwell, 2000). According to Granados and Jacob (2009), the purpose of their study was to examine pain experienced and the effectiveness of analgesics for hospitalized adults with sickle cell disease. The literature review indicates a variety of reasons why inadequate pain management is ongoing in the adult (SCD) patients admitted with vaso-occlusive episodes. Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Body Paragraphs The focus is mainly on factors that affect the management of pain, including methods of analgesic administration, and non-pharmacologic regimens, therefore the perception of the provider is important in regards to treating sickle cell pain as identified in the study by (Shapiro, Benjamin, Payne Heidrich, 1997; Steinberg, 1999; Yale et al. , 2000). Little attention in the way of research studies has been examined in relation to the pain experience of the sickle cell adults. Ballas and Lusardi (2005) evaluated the sequence of hospital admissions of patients with sickle cell disease, reviewing the causes of recurring admissions, and the importance of the patient’s outcome of illness. All readmissions examined specifically within seven to thirty days from the initial admission discharge assessing for the rationale of the recurrence of hospital admission and relation to the prognosis of the sickle cell disease patient. The researchers evaluated the pain by a descriptive underlying research design knowledgeable by the sickle cell disease patients for intensity, location, and quality of pain. Fifty percent of patients admitted for intense painful episodes were readmitted within one month after discharge, and another estimated 16% were readmitted within one week after discharge. Severe pain is described as a degree of pain greater than six on a zero to ten numerical rating scales. A mean score of seven or greater indicates prematurity in discharging the sickle cell disease patients from the hospital. In conclusion, the patients admitted to the hospital with high pain scores were more likely to have lengthy hospitalizations, and to be discharged home with equally higher pain scores. The pain intensity scores from the previous discharge examined by the researchers indicated 71 readmission, in which 52 patients were readmitted for vaso-occlusive episodes, (Ballas Lusardi, 2005). The pain score of study participants indicated a high pain intensity score, and the s cores did not change consequently during prolonged episodes. Even higher pain intensity more so on days seven and eight were indicated for increase pain significance. Researchers further indicated that the main reason for hospital readmissions were early discharge to home settings, signs and symptoms of medication/drug withdrawal, that brought about the intense reoccurring episodes of vaso-occlusive illnesses. It was noted that readmissions to the hospital for the adult sickle cell disease patient is more common and researchers recommended future studies for improvement in pain management in the hospital and at home. In future studies, researchers will need to use a larger sample size to evaluate patterns of pain management, effectiveness and influence on quality of life in the sickle cell disease patient. Although, no evidence was identified where upward titration of analgesics was done it is recommended that development of algorithms be encouraged to help carefully plan decisions regarding titration of medications in adult patients with sickle cell disease during hospitalizations. Jiles and Morris, (2008) made known in their descriptive study of 62 patients (18 years of age and older) using Burckhardt and Anderson’s 16 item self-report and a demographic uestionnaire used for data collection. The purpose of the study was to investigate the quality of life in adults with sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin SC, or Hemoglobin S beta thalassemia. The results revealed that the healthy populations average scores for quality of life scale is 90 and in this study the overall mean QOL score was 83. 6 (SD=13. 2) lower than those of the overall general population. The outcome of this study indicated additional research is necessary to advance the understanding of the factors that greatly affect quality of life in the management of sickle cell disease in order for patients to enjoy normal activities of life. A cross sectional descriptive study conducted by Yoon and Bla ck (2006) researched both pharmacologic and complementary therapies used for pain management by caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). They further studied the prevalence and types of complementary therapies used for pain management by caregivers of children with SCD and made inquiries of caregivers’ concerning their interests in using complementary therapies in the future. Since there was no obtainable questionnaire to meet the principle of the study, a questionnaire was created by the chief researcher. Items included on the questionnaire was age of child, age of caregiver, use of analgesic, annual income estimate, caregivers educational level, and type of health insurance their child had available. Divisions were randomly ordered and included massage, chiropractic, acupuncture, energy healing, relaxation techniques, imagery, meditation, hypnosis, biofeedback, self-prayer, spiritual healing by others, music therapy, herbal or fold remedies, megavitiamins, yog a, tai chi and other body works, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The prospective patients were identified, approached, and invited to participate in the study by the clinical coordinator of the sickle cell disease clinic. The study was explained and potential participants were provided an informed consent letter. All subjects were provided a room for privacy and questionnaires were completed either by the caregivers of the participants or by the research assistance. The research assistant was nearby in either case to answer any questions that might arise by the caregivers when completing his/her form. The instructions provided to the caregivers indicated the questionnaires listing of the sixteen complementary therapies. The caregivers were to indicate any usage of them within the last six months and were asked would they be interested in using any of the listed complementary therapies in the future. Statistical analyses was used including how often an event repeats itself over a set amount of time and expected values with standard deviations, were used to compare demographic variables, research use of pharmacological therapies for pain management between age groups, and evaluate pharmacologic/analgesic and complementary therapy use. Chi-square tests were done in the beginning of the study and carried through to completion comparing the demographic variables, scrutinized use of pharmacologic therapies for pain management between age groups, and compared use of pharmacologic and complementary therapies. The results of the most frequently used pain medication for children revealed a mean age of 9 years. The results indicated children using pain medications most frequently identified was ibuprofen (37. 5%), acetaminophen with codeine (32. 1%), and acetaminophen with oxycodone (14. 5%). Complementary and alternative medicine use among children as well as adults has increased in the last ten years. In the study, caregivers with a mean age of 33 year s was 70% of the 63 caregivers identified as using some form of complementary therapy. African American mothers made up 79% of the predominant race of caregivers and (56. 9%) indicated an annual income less than $20,000. Sixty percent of caregivers had twelve years of education or less, and twenty-four percent reported at least 2 years of college education. Medicaid (76%) was the major source of coverage for the children, although 24% had private or other identifying insurance. Future studies should include investigating the safety and effectiveness of the most commonly used complementary therapies reported in this study as well as recognizing possible ways complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) may be used effectively with pharmacologic therapies for pain management in children with Sickle cell disease in order to offer greater longevity and overall improved quality of life. Yoon and Black (2006), Jiles and Morris (2008) and Granados and Jacob (2009) all indicate the need for future studies in management of pain in the sickle cell disease patients. All studies indicate that the genetic disorder most commonly found in the African- American affects approximately 70,000 in the United States. This genetic disorder affects the red blood cells causing a stasis of sickle shaped erythrocytes, in which occlusion of the cells microcirculation, causing ischemia, and infarction. These recurring, unpredictable, intensified, and persistent painful episodes prevent stability and overall quality of life in the sickle cell disease patient and all authors indicate the need for future studies. The purpose of this review of literature is to identify all of the effective therapies of pain management for sickle cell disease patients. Whether the therapies used are complementary or alternative therapies vs. analgesic regimens. There must be future studies to seek out the answers for improved methods of pain treatment in order to improve the quality of life for the patients wi th sickle cell disease to exceed living past the age of forty-two with an increased zest and quality of life. References Granados, R. , Jacob, E. , (2009, May/June). Pain Experience in Hospitalized Adults with Sickle Cell Disease. Medsurg Nursing, 18 (3), 161-167,182. Jiles, V. M. , Morris, D. L. , (2009). Quality of Life of adult patients with sickle cell disease. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, Volume 21, 340-349. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1745-7599. 2009. 00416x Yoon, S. L. , Black, S. , (2006) Comprehensive, Integrative Management of Pain for Patients with Sickle-Cell Disease. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Volume 12, Number 10, pp. 995-1001. We will write a custom essay sample on Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer